A Guided Inquiry Into America's White Hegemony, Yesterday's Terror and Today's Horror: a Journal for Readers, Students and Teachers of History

Teachers value students' close reading of and text-based writing about diverse texts while eliciting their awareness of the world, privilege, and power. Carefully selected literature coupled with primary sources can bridge the classroom and society. To engage modern students in America's racialized past and present, this article guides teachers to intertwine villains and heroes, real and imagined, past and present. During an intradisciplinary unit linking social studies/history and English/language arts, a twin-text approach enabled students to scrutinize two trade books and supplementary primary sources. Close reading and text-based writing strategies were coupled with an authentic assessment to spark students' creative expressions, critical thinking, and informed civic dialogue. Teaching America's horrid history with racism is provocative yet necessary as oft-overlooked voices reshape public memory and the COVID-19 pandemic redefines collective concerns.

Racism in pediatric health

SPECIAL REPORT Since the inception of the United States, social, economic, political, and scientific institutions have been built on a foundation emphasizing the inferiority of individuals related to phenotypic differences.1 This hierarchy ensconced white individuals as superior to all other groups with Native Americans and Blacks on the bottom. Some fifty years after the discovery of the genetic code, at a White House ceremony in 2000 to announce the discovery, Craig Venter, a pioneer of DNA sequencing, observed, "The concept of race has no genetic or scientific basis. With structural or institutional racism, there is decreased access to health care and resources for education, leading to lower health literacy and fewer health care providers of color.12'13 Over time, this has led to a distrust of the health care system as a whole by POC due to widely publicized historical events such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and the Marion tuberculosis outbreak. [...]non-Hispanic Blacks have a higher prevalence of recurrent asthma exacerbations and hospitalizations than Whites after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors.16 One study revealed that with non-Black children, poor children were 45% more likely than children who were not poor to have asthma.

SOCIETAL EMOTIONAL PROCESS, EMOTIONAL REACTIVITY, AND THEIR INCREASING CHALLENGE FOR MINISTRY LEADERSHIP

The increasing anxiety and reactivity across society witnessed in elections, responses to COVID-19, and even within personal posts on social media platforms is a phenomenon that is growing invasively and pervasively present in ministry leadership. Murray Bowen's family systems theory (1978) seminal concepts of societal emotional process and emotional reactivity describe the phenomenon with acumen. This article outlines these two concepts and provides current examples of how they are being experienced by ministry leaders. Biblical examples demonstrate that the phenomenon has always been present in ministry leadership. Practical guidance is provided for ministry leaders to address this growing challenge by means of their own self-differentiation, thus providing an accessible response and strategy to this pervasive leadership issue.

"to feel supported in your community is to feel loved": Cultivating community and support for black transmasculine people navigating anti-black racism and covid-19 pandemic

Background: Black transmasculine people are disproportionately affected by a myriad of intersecting stressors including racism (specifically anti-Black racism), sexism, cissexism. Black transmasculine people are exposed daily to systemic oppression such as transphobia, dehumanization, and violence, making this community more vulnerable to mental health and physical health concerns. These experiences are further compounded by the lack of relevant literature on the unique experiences of Black transmasculine people during the COVID-19 pandemic and anti-Black racism. Aims: Utilizing a critical intersectional lens and Prilleltensky's psychopolitical validity as guiding frameworks, the present study investigates the need for support and community within the Black transmasculine community in navigating anti-Black racism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The researchers integrated intersectionality and Prilleltensky's psychopolitical validity as frameworks paired with the constructivist grounded theory paradigm outlined by Charmaz to analyze data. The researchers co-constructed meaning from participants' perspectives, providing a theoretical understanding for exploring Black transmasculine participants' perceptions of community and support during COVID-19 (N = 32). Results: The researchers developed a model of pathways toward community and support. The model suggests two levels: (a) locating awareness of community and support, and (b) integrated action toward community and support. The approaches are integrated from within group action and actions that can be facilitated from outside the community on micro and macro sociological levels to provide holistic support and community for Black transmasculine people. Discussion: This model extends the current literature on liberation, community psychology, and community support at the intersection of transgender people of color. This intervention can provide awareness, insight, and action for working alongside the Black transmasculine community their unique needs of support and community. These findings hope to enhance clinical practices, and identify strategies to promote community, support, and wellness among Black transmasculine people. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Embodied conversations: Culturally and trauma-informed healing practices in dance/movement therapy

We are in the 14th month of an unprecedented public health crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic. Brutality against Brown and Black bodies, systemic racism, oppression, and white supremacy continue sustaining the foundation of white domination and privilege in all of our institutions. As dance/movement therapists, educators, students, and supervisors, we are coming to terms with the fact that our field is no different: the lack of diversity, equity, and inclusion in our profession and harmful educational content/practices in our programs are a reflection of this reality. Living through trauma-filled times continuously filtered our conversations and themes emerged as important and necessary to unpack and explore: How do we engage in authentic relationships when we might be reinforcing dominant structures? How do we include, listen, and support those from marginalized identities both from a theoretical stance and a social action stance? How can we be held accountable? The authors came to this work with their own experiences, stories, memories, personal trauma, identities, and cultural backgrounds. Living through identity differences and acknowledging personal and political issues, this dialogue provides insight into our own healing journeys and offering a structure to remind ourselves how to recognize our shared humanity in the spaces we occupy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Dual Pandemics: How a Global Health Crisis Exposed Educational Inequity to White, Middle-Class America

This opinion piece explores the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on exposing educational inequity. The historically racist and discriminatory practices related to both academic instruction and discipline are long-standing in the history of American education, but have been brought to the attention of White, middle-class America as a result of the global health crisis. Specific strategies are presented as initial steps in simultaneously embedding anti-racism and addressing discriminatory policies in every American classroom, specifically related to students of color and disabled students.

The impact of life experiences on the school disciplinary practices of suburban high school administrators

This narrative study examined how the life experiences of high school administrators impact how they conceptualize and understand school discipline. These experiences were then positioned within the current context of COVID-19 pandemic related school closures and protests associated with George Floyd's death which brought light to systemic racism prevalent in school codes of conduct to determine how these events changed their disciplinary practices. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight administrators from suburban schools in the New York metropolitan region that also had a minority student population of at least 10%. Transcripts were analyzed using in vivo and process coding to identify themes across the interviews. Three themes were identified: elements that lead to an initial understanding of school discipline, how these initial practices change over time, and the twin impact of COVID-19 and protests highlighting systemic racism causing a drastic change to how administrators respond to student misbehavior. These findings were then analyzed using Critical Race Theory and situated among the current literature. The first finding was centered on the understanding administrators use their personal experiences as both as student and teacher to establish their understanding of school discipline. The second finding uncovered an awareness that in order to address student behaviors, administrators develop stakeholder connections. Lastly, there was an awareness and discovery that codes of conduct in their respective schools contributed to disproportionate discipline. While some administrators had already been working to enact change, others were in the beginning stages of learning about this problem and were unsure of the next steps. Form these findings, recommendations for practice and research were proposed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Predictors of Mental Health Service Utilization among Frontline Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

(1) Background: This study examined the prevalence and correlates of factors associated with self-reported mental health service use in a longitudinal cohort of frontline health care workers (FHCWs) providing care to patients with COVID-19 throughout 2020. (2) Methods: The study comprised a two-wave survey (n = 780) administered in April-May 2020 (T1) and November 2020-January 2021 (T2) to faculty, staff, and trainees in a large urban medical center. Factors associated with initiation, cessation, or continuation of mental health care over time were examined. (3) Results: A total of 19.1% of FHCWs endorsed currently utilizing mental health services, with 11.4% continuing, 4.2% initiating, and 3.5% ceasing services between T1 and T2. Predisposing and need-related factors, most notably a history of a mental health diagnosis and distress related to systemic racism, predicted service initiation and continuation. Among FHCWs with a prior mental health history, those with greater perceived resilience were less likely to initiate treatment at T2. Descriptive data highlighted the importance of services around basic and safety needs (e.g., reliable access to personal protective equipment) relative to mental health support in the acute phase of the pandemic. (4) Conclusions: Results may be helpful in identifying FHCWs who may benefit from mental health services.

Other lullabies: Attacks on Blackness, confusion of tongues, and the loss of play

Through a close reading of an anonymous lullaby from Latin America, the paper argues how colonial legacies and systemic racism, in the context of the structure of whiteness and the Covid pandemic, have had a nefarious impact on the material, symbolic, and psychic life of poor and working-class children and adolescents of color. The paper places a focus on Black kids. Left outside the symbolic, material, and legal order, these individuals suffer systemic attacks against their body and mind. This fact, in tandem with the devastating realities of the pandemic, have produced what the author calls an experience of "the end of the world." Three main consequences of all these configurations are discussed: (1) failed identifications with whiteness;(2) loss of play;and (3) "confusion of tongues." The need for new social lullabies, ones that invigorate our social capacity to dream the (colonial) state of affairs as being otherwise and that create communal solidarity, is proposed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Tremor: Shaken and stirred

Thoughts of family bring to mind the extent to which, fundamentally, we are prosocial, attachment-orientated and proximity-seeking beings. Child-centred play therapy is about presence;it is a relational, embodied process, informed by the implicit interpersonal qualities of attunement and attachment, on both verbal and non-verbal levels. Covid subverted the very essence of our inherent, attachment-orientated nature as the nation, the world, had to suddenly adapt to the post-viral rules of social distancing, self-isolation and quarantine. Fear of infection and enforced lockdown meant that physical contact-touch-became something of an anathema, to be feared and avoided. Children experienced the loss of friends, extended family, structure, routine, education as well as grieving for those close to them who died or became seriously ill through infection. Furthermore, the Covid pandemic starkly exposed a range of intersectional, societal fault-lines around poverty, ethnicity, age, oppression, disability, systemic racism and social justice, the virus unforgiving in its capacity to lay bare the inequalities of our society. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Long COVID and chronic pain: overlapping racial inequalities

The American Public Health Association (APHA) and prominent U.S. health organizations have acknowledged racism as a central cause of health inequality. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. confronts an additional public health crisis: mass impairment from Long COVID. Occupational segregation and institutionalized racism have made working-class Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) more likely to experience Long COVID. Medical gatekeepers also prevent equal access to health: BIPOC face more obstacles in their search for disability accommodations and social support. To provide health equity to the Long COVID community, Disability Studies must confront racialized understandings of chronic pain and the consequences of these meanings by centering the lived experiences of BIPOC living with chronic pain.

"The lab isn't life”: Black engineering graduate students reprioritize values at the intersection of two pandemics

Background Purpose/Hypothesis Design/Method Results Conclusion Black engineering graduate students represent a critical and understudied population in engineering education. Gaining an understanding of the lived experiences of Black engineering graduate students while they are simultaneously weathering two pandemics, COVID‐19 and systemic racism, is of paramount importance.Black engineering graduate students hold a unique duality, as both Black people in the United States and Black graduate students in US engineering programs that espouse white supremacist ideals. Their real‐world experiences necessitate understanding, and this paper highlights the related impact on the students themselves, their adaptations to the pandemics, and how those adaptations relate to and affect their support needs and navigation of their engineering academic environments.An interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach was combined with community‐based participatory action research and was situated in Boykin's Triple Quandary. A family check‐in was conducted with 10 Black engineering graduate students enrolled in doctoral programs across the country to delve deep into their lived experience as a cultural community.Findings include an emergent framework of Black engineering graduate student values in response to the pandemics. These values aligned with the Black Cultural Ethos, demonstrating an adoption of collectivistic cultural values in times of crises. Further, COVID‐19 and systemic racism differentially impacted Black engineering graduate students and, thus, the manifestations of their values.For institutions to be able to effectively support their Black engineering graduate students, they must gain awareness of the students' experiences, values, and needs, in general, and amid crises specifically. The findings presented here provide a critical window into this information. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Engineering Education is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Understanding Anti-Asian Racism from Communication Perspectives: Insights from a Rapid Literature Review

Bac kground: Given the escalating anti-Asian racism and xenophobia caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, this Research in Brief presents a rapid review of relevant research published between March 2020 and February 2022 in cultural studies and communication journals. Analysis: The data collection identified only 1 3 articles published by the target journals, indicating the marginal status of communication and media studies in the expanding body of research on anti-Asian racism. Further qualitative thematic analysis of the 13 articles revealed their analytical emphasis on anti-Asian discourse and rhetoric online. Meanwhile, the structural factors underlying the reproduction of systemic racism remain underexplored. Conclusion and implications : Based on this rapid review, it is recommended that future research pay more attention to how racial tension and discrimination are woven into everyday communications across a range of media including social media, traditional media, and interpersonal communication. There is also an urgent need for communication scholars to develop intersectional lenses that facilitate the critical analysis of macro factors (class, gender, geopolitics, etc.) that contribute to the reproduction of racial hierarchy in Canada and other settler states. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Cont exte : Dans une situation où la xénophobie et le racisme anti-asiatiques causés par la COVID-19 sont en pleine croissance, cette recherche en bref présente un compte rendu rapide d'études publiées dans des revues sur les études culturelles et la communication entre mars 2020 et février 2022. Analyse : La collecte de données n'a identifié que 13 articles dans les revues cibles, indiquant le statut marginal des études en médias et en communication en ce qui a trait à la recherche en pleine croissance sur le racisme antiasiatique. Une analyse thématique qualitative des 13 articles montre que ceux-ci portent une attention analytique particulière sur les discours et la rhétorique anti-asiatiques en ligne. En revanche, les facteurs structurels soustendant la reproduction du racisme systémique demeurent sous-explorés. Conclusion et implications : Sur la base de ce compte rendu rapide, nous proposons que les recherches futures portent une plus grande attention à l'imbrication des tensions et discriminations raciales dans les communications médiatiques quotidiennes, y compris celles des médias sociaux et traditionnels et la communication interpersonnelle. Il y a en outre un besoin urgent pour les chercheurs en communication de développer un point de vue intersectionnel pouvant faciliter l'analyse critique des facteurs macros (classe, genre, géopolitique, etc.) qui encouragent la reproduction d'hiérarchies raciales au Canada ainsi que dans d'autres colonies de peuplement. (French) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Canadian Journal of Communication is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Introduction: In Search of Hope amid Despair in Folklore of Epidemics

Facing the outbreak of an unprecedented pandemic, along with a disturbing sociopolitical environment, folklorists should and can reflect upon what we have done within our discipline and what we can contribute to the discourse and public understanding of such realities with folkloristic perspectives. This introduction intends to define the study of folklore of epidemics as a new research area, building upon the studies of disaster folklore and ethnic minority folklore. It also discusses issues of marginalization, minoritization, and invisibility in folklore studies as a reflection of systemic racism in folkloristics as well as in broader society where the victimization of minorities and low-income class during the COVID-19 pandemic has been ultimately exposed.

Actively addressing systemic racism using a behavioral community approach

Recent police brutality and related violence against Black people, coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic, has further evidenced the disproportionate impact of systemic racism in our institutions and across society. In the United States, the alarming mortality rates for Black people due to police violence and COVID-19 related deaths are clear demonstrations of inequities within a long history of disparate outcomes. In understanding systemic racism, it is essential to consider how it is embedded within society and across socio-ecological levels. The Social-Ecological Model (SEM) is used to examine conditions within the environment that maintain systemic racism, including within our field and discipline. A behavioral-community approach for examining racism aids in determining points of intervention across multiple ecological levels that may contribute to behavior change, including with behaviorists. The science of behavior is well-suited to help examine the contingencies governing behaviors within and across systems, which is pivotal for addressing operant behaviors to influence long-term behavior change. This paper calls on the behavioral community to address systemic racism within our environments and systems of influence to contribute to a more equitable community. Systemic racism, including within the context of anti-Blackness, is examined by considering behavior change strategies that can be supported by behaviorists across socio-ecological levels. Tools for collaborative action are provided to support behaviorists in demonstrating the skills needed across a continuum of behaviors from allyship to anti-racism to actively address systemic racism. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Multiple measures of structural racism as predictors of U.S. county-level COVID-19 cases and deaths

Minoritized racial groups in the U.S. have experienced disproportionately higher rates of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Studies have linked structural racism as a critical factor causing these disproportionate health burdens. We analyse the relationships between county-level COVID-19 cases and deaths and five measures of structural racism on Black Americans: Black–White residential segregation, differences in educational attainment, unemployment, incarceration rates, and health insurance coverage between Black and White Americans. When controlling for socioeconomic, demographic, health and behavioural factors significant relationships were found between all measures of structural racism with cases and/or deaths except Black–White differences in health insurance coverage. Black–White disparities in educational attainment and incarceration were the strongest predictors. The results varied greatly across regions of the U.S. We also found strong relationships between COVID-19 and mobility and the proportion of foreign-born non-citizens. This work supports the important need to confront structural racism on multiple fronts to address health disparities.

Increasing the Representation of Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour as Students in Psychology Doctoral Programmes

Additionally, emerging research regarding the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that racial inequities caused by racism (e.g., overrepresentation within frontline employment) cause BIPOC communities to be more exposed to and less protected from the virus, placing them at a higher risk of infection and death, a devastating phenomenon coupled with the already present health disparities caused by racism in the Canadian health care system (Amoako & MacEachen, 2021;Cénat, Kogan, et al., 2021;Denice et al., 2021). In this article, we will discuss, as others have noted, how Canadian graduate programmes must assume responsibility and become directly involved in understanding, offsetting, and preventing the harm of systemic racism, oppression, and discrimination, as demanded by the ethics and principles of psychology itself (APA Division 45 Warrior's Path Presidential Task Force, 2020;APA Council of Representatives, 2021;Canadian Psychological Association [CPA], 2018;Ritchie & Sinacore, 2020). Racialization is about social perceptions-how people perceive others based on their presumed race or ancestry (Pendakur, 2005). [...]race is a socially constructed concept-not a fixed or scientific identity, despite mainstream North American society operating as if it is an accepted truth (Gonzalez-Sobrino & Goss, 2019;Haeny et al., 2021). [...]we use the term BIPOC to encompass the following groups: BIPOC (i.e., South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian

East Asian Population.

This article explores the ways East Asian American (EAA) children and adolescents have experienced disparities in the United States throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The history of racism toward Asian American and Pacific Islanders (AAPI) and the complexities of acculturation are reflected through this contemporary lens. Traditional East Asian (EA) values were disrupted during this period. Implications for children and families are discussed. Persistent underlying xenophobia and racism, such as the model minority myth or perpetual foreigner stereotype, rose to new prominence, furthering emotional distress in EA and EAA youths beyond those already experienced universally by AAPI families during the pandemic.

A commitment to hope

On April 1, we made the decision to reconfigure our scheduled special issue on Behavioral Health to the topic of this issue - Sustaining a Focus on Human Experience in the Face of COVID-19. In the midst of crisis, we were uncertain how people would respond to this call or even if they could in the face of the realities they were addressing each day. Yet, the research, cases and stories started to arrive. The contributions in this special issue represent a patchwork of powerful insights and a historic record to document this moment. What we have brought together includes the best of real-time insights and research, powerful stories and personal reflections that are so central to this time, one that has called on all of us to dig deeper, ask ourselves personal and essential questions and remind ourselves what really matters overall. We are deeply moved and inspired by the speed, thoughtfulness and comprehensive nature with which our contributors engaged, many of whom were tackling this crisis but still took time to contribute to a conversation beyond themselves. That may be the most powerful lesson of all: that in struggling with each of our own personal or individual organizational issues, we remained called to come together to share something beyond ourselves. As you review the pages that follow, we challenge you to uncover a new idea or practice;discover an inspiration or opportunity to reflect, release or breathe;find a seed of hope. For in the generous and both heartful and thoughtful words of our contributors, we not only capture this moment in our history, we also feed the roots of possibility from which we will all spring in the days ahead. © The Author(s), 2020.